A-1.Grains with fold-like undeveloped bladder that surrounds corpus in a ring. Bladder surface covered with the verruca of spinules
Tsuga sieboldii(11)
Tsuga diversifolia(12)
A-2.With 2 bladders.
B-1.On proximal side, base of bladder and corpus join gently. Surface pattern of corpus and reticulum of bladder transition gently at this join.
C-1.On distal pole side, granules are scattered on inner surface of leptoma.
Picea polita(18)
Picea glehnii(19)
Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis(20)
Picea koyamae(21)
Picea jezoensis var. jesoensis(22)
Picea glehnii(23)
C-2.On distal side, granules are absent on inner surface of leptoma.
Cedrus deodara(10)
B-2.On proximal side, a distinct constriction at junction between corpus and base of bladder occurs. At this junction, surface pattern of corpus and mesh of bladder are clearly different.
D-1.Bladder smaller than corpus.
E-1.Size of corpus 65.0 μm or larger.
F-1.On distal pole side, granules absent from inner surface of leptoma.
Abies firma(13)
Abies veitchii var. reflexa(14)
Abies veitchii(15)
Abies homolepis(16)
Abies mariesii(17)
E-2.Size of corpus 50.0 μm or less.
G-1.On distal pole side, granules absent from inner surface of leptoma.
Pinus densiflora(3)
Pinus thunbergii(4)
Pinus luchuensis(5)
G-2.On distal pole side, granules scattered on inner surface of leptoma.
Pinus pumila(6)
Pinus parviflora var. parviflora(7)
Pinus koraiensis(8)
Pinus amamiana(9)
D-2.Size of bladder approximately the same as, or larger than, size of corpus.
Nageia nagi(27)
Podocarpus macrophyllus f. macrophyllus(28)
2)Polyplicate
A-1.With 6 or more large, raised ridges extending long in the equatorial axis, and arranged in radial symmetry in polar view.
Ephedra sinica(1142)
3)Inaperturate
A-1.With a papilla.
B-1.On distal pole side, boundary of leptoma is clear.
Cryptomeria japonica(39)
B-2.On distal pole side, boundary of leptoma is unclear.
Sequoia sempervirens(40)
Metasequoia glyptostroboides(41)
Glyptostrobus pensilis(42)
Taxodium distichum(43)
A-2.Papilla absent.
C-1.Grain size large.
D-1.Exine with layered structure, sculpture baculate, and cross section of baculum is rounded triangular to polygonal.
Vernicia cordata(547)
D-2.Exine without layered structure.
E-1.Sculpture scabrate.
Araucaria cunninghamii(26)
E-2.Sculpture psilate.
F-1.向心極側に環状の肥厚がある.
Larix kaempferi(24)
F-2.On proximal pole side, indistinct ring-shaped thin thickening and Y-shaped thickening often observed inside.
Pseudotsuga japonica(25)
C-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
G-1.Exine with layered structure.
H-1.Sculpture echinate.
I-1.Sculpture psilate.
J-1.Spinules approximately 1.0 μm high, and evenly distributed.
Lindera triloba(1143)
Neolitsea sericea(1144)
J-2.Spinules approximately 0.5 μm high, and evenly distributed.
K-1.Grain size less than 15.0 μm.
Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima(79)
Arisaema sikokianum(80)
Arisaema iyoanum subsp. iyoanum(81)
K-2.Grain size 17.5 μm or more.
Smilax riparia(108)
Smilax china(109)
Smilax sieboldii(110)
I-2.Sculpture scabrate.
Diphylleia grayi(263)
I-3.Sculpture granulate.
L-1.Spines evenly distributed.
Ottelia alismoides(88)
L-2.Spinules evenly distributed.
Hydrocharis dubia(89)
H-1.Sculpture is not echinate.
M-1.Sculpture psilate, and surface surrounded by 6–8 linear marks.
Pinellia ternata(82)
M-2.Sculpture scabrate, with relatively uniform protrusions.
Populus tremula var. sieboldii(564)
Populus suaveolens(565)
M-3.Sculpture reticulate.
N-1.Exine thin, and muri low in height.
Triglochin asiatica(91)
Potamogeton crispus(92)
Potamogeton gramineus(93)
Potamogeton distinctus(94)
Potamogeton cristatus(95)
Potamogeton wrightii(96)
N-2.Exine 1.5–2.0 μm thick.
Sarcandra glabra(60)
G-2.Exine without layered structure.
O-1.Shape spherical, sculpture psilate or scabrate, granules scattered irregularly, and leptoma identified as a circle, depending on the direction of observation → See also monoporate.
Juniperus rigida(30)
Juniperus conferta(31)
Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis(32)
Thujopsis dolabrata var. dolabrata(33)
Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae(34)
Platycladus orientalis(35)
Thuja occidentalis(36)
Thuja occidentalis(37)
Chamaecyparis pisifera(38)
O-2.Shape angular spheres and leptoma often identified, depending on the observation direction → See also monocolpate.
B-3.Shape irregularly spherical, and sculpture psilate.
Saururus chinensis(63)
Houttuynia cordata(64)
Piper kadsura(65)
A-2.Shape oblate.
D-1.Exine without layered structure.
E-1.Sculpture psilate.
Ginkgo biloba(2)
Magnolia obovata(76)
E-2.Sculpture rugulate.
Magnolia compressa(73)
Magnolia stellata(74)
Magnolia sieboldii subsp. japonica(75)
E-3.Sculpture verrucate to gemmate.
Liriodendron tulipifera(72)
E-4.Sculpture reticulate.
Cycas revoluta(1)
D-2.Exine with layered structure.
F-1.Huge furrow surrounds grain for more than half the circumference.
G-1.Sculpture echinate.
H-1.Spines 5.0 μm or more in length, and scattered.
Nuphar japonica(52)
Nuphar pumila var. pumila(53)
Nuphar pumila var. ozeensis(54)
H-2.Spinules 1.0 μm in length, and densely distributed.
Euryale ferox(55)
G-2.Sculpture gemmate or verrucate, and often mixed with bacula and clavae.
Nymphaea tetragona(56)
F-2.Furrow not arranged so as to surround grain.
I-1.Sculpture psilate.
Brasenia schreberi(50)
I-2.Sculpture scabrate.
Pollia japonica(166)
Monochoria korsakowii(167)
Monochoria vaginalis(168)
Eichhornia crassipes(169)
I-3.Sculpture rugulate.
Disporum sessile var. sessile(106)
Disporum smilacinum(107)
Amana edulis(125)
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(155)
Ophiopogon jaburan(158)
Ophiopogon japonicus(159)
I-4.Sculpture striped, and striped pattern flows in long axis direction of grain.
Cabomba caroliniana(51)
I-5.Sculpture verrucate to gemmate.
Crocosmia crocosmiiflora(132)
Hosta sieboldii var. intermedia(150)
Hosta kikutii var. tosana(151)
Hosta undulata(152)
Hosta sieboldiana var. sieboldiana(153)
Liriope muscari(157)
I-6.Sculpture echinate.
Heloniopsis breviscapa var. flavida(105)
Commelina communis(164)
Murdannia keisak(165)
I-7.Sculpture areolate.
J-1.Grain size medium or larger.
Lloydia serotina(111)
Tricyrtis macrantha(121)
Tricyrtis nana(122)
Tricyrtis latifolia(123)
Comospermum yedoense(154)
Barnardia japonica(156)
Maianthemum japonicum(160)
Maianthemum viridiflorum(161)
J-2.Grain size small.
Aletris spicata(97)
Trachycarpus fortunei(162)
Livistona chinensis var. subglobosa(163)
I-8.Sculpture reticulate.
K-1.On proximal pole side, lumen width is wide and lumina vary in size.
L-1.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is circular to elliptical, and lumina have scattered granules.
Hemerocallis citrina var. vespertina(134)
Hemerocallis major(135)
Hemerocallis middendorffii var. middendorffii(136)
Hemerocallis middendorffii var. esculenta(137)
Hemerocallis var. littorea(138)
Hemerocallis var. kwanso(139)
Hemerocallis fulva var. disticha(140)
L-2.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is circular, and lumina are without granules.
Iris tectorum(128)
L-3.Cross section of columellae, which constitute muri of brochi, is a mixture of triangles and quadrangles, and lumina are without granules.
Lilium longiflorum(112)
Lilium auratum(113)
Lilium lancifolium(114)
Lilium japonicum(115)
Lilium hansonii(116)
Lilium speciosum(117)
Lilium concolor(118)
Lilium medeoloides(119)
Cardiocrinum cordatum(120)
K-2.On proximal pole side, lumina are fine and almost uniform.
M-1.On proximal pole side, lumina become smaller.
N-1.Grain size large.
Iris pseudacorus(129)
Lycoris radiata(142)
Lycoris sanguinea var. sanguinea(143)
Lycoris squamigera(144)
N-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
Narthecium asiaticum(98)
Croomia heterosepala(99)
Sisyrinchium rosulatum(133)
M-2.Size of lumen almost the same, even on distal pole side.
O-1.Grain size large.
Iris ensata var. spontanea(126)
Iris ensata var. ensata(127)
Iris sanguinea(130)
Iris japonica(131)
Zephyranthes carinata(145)
O-2.Grain size medium or smaller.
Veratrum maackii var. reymondianum(100)
Veratrum oxysepalum var. oxysepalum(101)
Veratrum stamineum(102)
A-3.Shape resembles citrus segment.
P-1.Sculpture rugulate.
Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum(146)
Allium thunbergii(147)
Allium tuberosum(148)
P-2.Sculpture areolate.
Asparagus cochinchinensis var. lucidus(149)
P-3.Sculpture reticulate.
Q-1.Grain size large.
Erythronium japonicum(124)
Q-2.Grain size medium.
Lysichiton camtschatcensis(83)
5)Trichotomocolpate
N/A not applicable.
6)Monoporate
A-1.With clear annulus.
B-1.In a phase contrast image, sculpture consists of independent verrucae.
C-1.Grain size 50.0 μm or more.
Coix lacryma-jobi(240)
Zea mays(241)
C-2.Grain size 50.0 μm or less.
Avena sativa(207)
Hordeum vulgare (cv. sakigake)(211)
Leersia sayanuka(214)
Leersia japonica(215)
B-2.In a phase contrast image, sculpture is areolate consisting of areolae.
Chimonobambusa marmorea(198)
Phyllostachys edulis(199)
Pleioblastus simonii(200)
Pleioblastus argenteostriatus f. glaber(201)
Sasa nipponica(202)
Panicum miliaceum(230)
Sasa kurilensis(203)
Sasa borealis(204)
Beckmannia syzigachne(205)
Deyeuxia matsumurae(206)
Trisetum bifidum(208)
Phalaris arundinacea(209)
Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens(210)
Triticum aestivum (cv. norin 20)(212)
Poa acroleuca(213)
Zizania latifolia(216)
Phragmites australis(219)
Phragmites japonicus(220)
Moliniopsis japonica(221)
Eleusine indica(222)
Dinebra chinensis(223)
Zoysia japonica(224)
Arundinella hirta(225)
Pennisetum alopecuroides(226)
Setaria pumila(227)
Setaria × pycnocoma(228)
Setaria italica(229)
Digitaria ciliaris(231)
Paspalum thunbergii(232)
Paspalum distichum var. distichum(233)
Echinochloa crus-galli var. aristata(234)
Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii(235)
Miscanthus sinensis(236)
Sorghum bicolor(237)
Sorghum propinquum(238)
Hemarthria sibirica(239)
B-3.In a phase contrast image, sculpture is a composite type of independent verrucae and areola.
Elymus tsukushiensis var. transiens(210)
Leersia japonica(215)
Zizania latifolia(216)
Oryza sativa subsp. japonica (cv. honen wase)(217)
Oryza sativa subsp. indica (cv. SM142)(218)
A-2.Annulus absent.
D-1.Sculpture verrucate → See also monocolpate.
Sciadopitys verticillata(29)
D-2.Sculpture psilate or scabrate, and granules irregularly scattered.
E-1.Pore-like structure located in center of leptoma, and leptoma boundary clear on distal pole side.
Cunninghamia lanceolata(44)
E-2.On distal pole side, leptoma almost absent, and Pore-like structure in leptoma easily overlooked, depending on observation direction. → See also inaperturate.
Juniperus rigida(30)
Juniperus conferta(31)
Juniperus chinensis L. var. chinensis(32)
Thujopsis dolabrata var. dolabrata(33)
Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae(34)
Platycladus orientalis(35)
Thuja occidentalis(36)
Chamaecyparis obtusa(37)
Chamaecyparis pisifera(38)
D-3.Sculpture reticulate.
Typha orientalis(171)
Typha domingensis(172)
Sparganium erectum(173)
Sparganium glomeratum(174)
7)Dicolpate
A-1.Longer axis is 50.0 μm or more, furrow extends long in longitudinal direction, margo underdeveloped, and spinules scattered on surface.
Crinum asiaticum var. japonicum(141)
8)Tricolpate
A-1.Three bladder-like folds formed by separation of exine layers extend in both polar directions, and merge at the poles, and furrow located on the folds.
Trapa japonica(612)
A-2.Bladder-like folds absent.
B-1.Spinules or spines distributed on sculpture.
C-1.Spines of approximately 7.0 μm high are scattered.
Patrinia sibirica(1100)
C-2.C-2. Spinules scattered on sculpture, and columella developed.
D-1.Furrow elongated, and columellae develop, especially near both poles.
Scabiosa japonica var. japonica(1103)
Scabiosa japonica var. alpina(1104)
D-2.Furrow oblong and long in polar direction.
Abelia serrata(1090)
Abelia spathulata var. spathulata(1091)
Abelia tetrasepala(1092)
C-3.Spinules scattered on sculpture.
E-1.Sculpture densely covered with scabrae.
F-1.Exine is thick at 3.0 μm or more.
G-1.Furrow extends long in polar direction, and spinule size is 1.5–2.0 μm.
Patrinia scabiosifolia(1098)
Patrinia villosa(1099)
Valeriana fauriei(1101)
Valeriana flaccidissima(1102)
G-2.Length of furrow short, polar area wide, and spinule size 1.0 μm or less.
Linnaea borealis(1089)
F-2.Exine less than 2.5 μm thick.
Trautvetteria caroliniensis var. japonica(285)
Lampranthus spectabilis(737)
E-2.Sculpture densely covered with granules.
Clerodendrum trichotomum(937)
Clerodendrum trichotomum var. esculentum(938)
Volkameria inermis(947)
B-2.Spinules or spines absent on sculpture.
H-1.Sculpture psilate.
I-1.Furrow narrow, and margo slightly thickened.
Vandellia micrantha(934)
I-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
Aeginetia indica(977)
H-2.Sculpture scabrate.
J-1.Surface of furrow almost smooth.
Pteridophyllum racemosum(251)
Trollius shinanensis(295)
Tetragonia tetragonoides(736)
Phytolacca americana(739)
J-2.Scabrae distributed on surface of furrow.
Clematis terniflora(264)
Clematis japonica(266)
Clematis alpina subsp. ochotensis(267)
Clematis lasiandra(268)
Clematis tosaensis(269)
Clematis apiifolia var. apiifolia(270)
Aquilegia flabellata var. flabellata(286)
Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila(287)
Semiaquilegia adoxoides(288)
Caltha palustris var. nipponica(296)
Glaucidium palmatum(297)
J-3.Granules scattered on surface of furrow.
K-1.Outline of furrow distinct.
Aconitum japonicum subsp. subcuneatum(289)
Aconitum japonicum subsp. japonicum(290)
Aconitum loczyanum(291)
K-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
Veronica polita var. lilacina(926)
Veronica onoei(927)
Euphrasia multifolia(971)
Euphrasia insignis subsp. iinumae(972)
Euphrasia maximowiczii(973)
Centranthera cochinchinensis var. lutea(974)
H-3.Sculpture granulate.
Premna microphylla(939)
Leonurus japonicus(940)
Lamium album var. barbatum(941)
H-4.Sculpture verrucate.
L-1.Furrow long and distinct, and sculpture appearance often changes to finely reticulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Callicarpa dichotoma(943)
Callicarpa kochiana(944)
Callicarpa japonica(945)
Callicarpa mollis(946)
L-2.Furrow indistinct.
Scopolia japonica(911)
H-5.Sculpture baculate.
M-1.Exine tectate.
N-1.Furrow long.
O-1.Furrow narrow, columellae densely and evenly distributed.
Saxifraga stolonifera(328)
Saxifraga cortusifolia(329)
Saxifraga fortunei var. alpina(330)
Paederia foetida(864)
O-2.Furrow slightly wide.
P-1.Margo thickened.
Adonis ramosa(279)
Cimicifuga japonica var. macrophylla(293)
Cimicifuga simplex(294)
P-2.Margo never thickened.
Q-1.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
Chelidonium majus subsp. asiaticum(243)
Q-2.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
Anemonopsis macrophylla(292)
N-2.Furrow short.
Clematis pierotii(265)
Anemone narcissiflora subsp. nipponica(273)
Anemone sikokiana(274)
Anemone nikoensis(275)
M-2.Exine is not tectate.
R-1.Outline of furrow distinct.
S-1.Furrow long.
T-1.Furrow wide, and verrucae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
Serissa japonica(867)
T-2.Furrow narrow and sculpture appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Nelumbo nucifera(300)
S-2.Furrow short.
Cuscuta chinensis(893)
R-2.Outline of furrow indistinct.
Dichondra micrantha(890)
H-6.Sculpture reticulate.
U-1.Mesh is coarse.
V-1.Muri consist of bacula, and gemmae or granules scattered in lumina.
Persicaria chinensis(703)
Persicaria nepalensis(704)
V-2.Muri consist of bacula, and lumina smooth or scattered with scabrae.
W-1.Tip of baculum with fine spinule.
Limonium wrightii var. arbusculum(684)
W-2.Tip of baculum without fine spinule.
Limonium tetragonum(685)
U-2. Mesh is not coarse.
X-1.Shape isopolar, and furrow length 1/2.5 or less of grain.
Y-1.Exine intectate, and clavae densely arranged on sculpture.
Geranium shikokianum var. kaimontanum(600)
Geranium krameri(601)
Geranium thunbergii f. pallidum(602)
Geranium thunbergii(603)
Y-2.Sculpture tectate.
Hydrangea bifida(762)
X-2.Shape isopolar and furrow length more than half that of grain.
Z1.Furrow elongated, reaches near poles, and mesh becomes finer in intercolpium.
Illicium anisatum(59)
Z-2.Furrow does not reach near poles.
AA-1.Sculpture supra-reticulate.
Chelonopsis longipes(953)
Chelonopsis moschata(954)
AA-2.Sculpture per-reticulate.
BB-1.Verrucae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
Oxalis corniculata(541)
Oxalis griffithii(542)
BB-2.Granules distributed on upper surface of furrow.
CC-1.Furrow spreads widely in an elliptical shape, polar area wide, granules densely distributed on upper surface of furrow, and polar view subangular to semi-lobate.
Cercidiphyllum japonicum(318)
CC-2.Furrow short, polar area wide, granules scattered on upper surface of furrow, and polar view circular.
Platanus occidentalis(301)
BB-3.Scabrae distributed on upper surface of furrow.
DD-1.In polar view, columellae of intercolpi are arranged in a crescent shape.
Raphanus sativus var. hortensis(673)
Capsella bursa-pastoris(674)
Draba sakuraii var. nipponica(675)
Arabis serrata var. shikokiana(676)
Cardamine leucantha(677)
Cardamine lyrata(678)
Cardamine scutata(679)
DD-2.In polar view, columellae of intercolpi not arranged in a crescent shape.
EE-1.Furrow long, and margo thickened.
Hamamelis japonica(312)
Disanthus cercidifolius(313)
Corylopsis spicata(314)
Corylopsis pauciflora(315)
Corylopsis gotoana(316)
Distylium racemosum(317)
EE-2.Margo not thickened.
FF-1.Both ends of furrow round.
GG-1.Mesh appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Dicentra peregrina(246)
GG-2.Mesh appearance does not change to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Hylomecon japonica(244)
FF-2.Both ends of furrow sharp.
HH-1.Mesh becomes finer near both poles and furrows.
Caulophyllum robustum(260)
HH-2.Mesh uniform over entire surface.
Nandina domestica(261)
Epimedium grandiflorum var. thunbergianum(262)
BB-4.Verrucae to scabrae never distributed on upper surface of furrow.
II-1.Exine becomes thin near furrow, and lumina are coarse in intercolpium and fine in vicinity of furrow.
JJ-1.Scabrae distributed near furrow.
Salix arbutifolia(566)
Salix cardiophylla var. urbaniana(567)
Salix triandra subsp. nipponica(568)
Salix hiraoana nothosubsp. tsugaluensis(569)
Salix sieboldiana(570)
Salix japonica(571)
Salix koriyanagi(572)
Salix miyabeana subsp. gymnolepis(573)
Salix integra(574)
Salix babylonica(575)
Salix babylonica var. matsudana(576)
Salix caprea(577)
Salix chaenomeloides(578)
Salix gracilistyla(579)
Salix vulpina subsp. vulpina(580)
Salix schwerinii(581)
Salix udensis(582)
Salix dolichostyla subsp. serissifolia(583)
Salix reinii(584)
Salix nakamurana subsp. nakamurana(585)
JJ-2.Scabrae distributed near furrow.
Tamarix chinensis(683)
II-2.Margo never thickened or thin.
KK-1.Brochi coarse in intercolpium and fine in vicinity of furrow.
Ajuga japonica(948)
Ajuga decumbens(949)
Ajuga nipponensis(950)
Pogostemon stellatus(952)
Comanthosphace japonica(951)
KK-2.Mesh almost uniform, and appearance changes to a rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Vitex rotundifolia(942)
Scutellaria indica var. indica(967)
X-3.Shape heteropolar and tetrahedral with rounded edges.
Thesium chinense(680)
H-7.Sculpture composite type from striate to rugulate.
Acer carpinifolium(1146)
9)Stephanocolpate
A-1.Shape subspheroidal.
B-1.Sculpture gemmate, gemmae located in intercolpium and arranged in polar direction, and furrows number approximately 15.
Leptodermis pulchella(869)
B-2.Sculpture verrucate, furrow long, and approximately 12 in number.
Sesamum indicum(935)
B-3.Sculpture scabrate.
C-1.Sculpture covered only with scabrae.
D-1.Furrow long, and narrow.
Rubia argyi(860)
Galium kinuta(861)
Galium pogonanthum(862)
Galium verum subsp. asiaticum(863)
D-2.Furrow short, and slightly wide.
Myrsine seguinii(778)
C-2.Sculpture covered with scabrae, and with some spines or spinules.
E-1.Furrow long, and approximately 8 in number, and scattered spines of approximately 7.0 μm.
Sicyos angulatus(523)
E-2.Spinules of 1.0 μm or less sparsely scattered.
F-1.Furrow long, and 7–10 in number.
Codonopsis lanceolata(997)
F-2.Furrow short, and 5–7 in number.
Platycodon grandiflorus(996)
B-4.Sculpture baculate.
G-1.Baculum height is 1.0–1.5 μm.
H-1.Scabrae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Anemone flaccida(276)
H-2.Upper surface of furrow almost smooth.
Clinopodium coreanum subsp. coreanum(959)
Clinopodium gracile(960)
Glechoma hederacea subsp. grandis(961)
G-2.Baculum height is 2.0–2.5 μm.
Cuscuta australis(891)
Cuscuta japonica(892)
B-5.Sculpture reticulate.
I-1.Reticulum fine and uniform.
J-1.Furrow relatively wide and short, and polar area wide.
Chloranthus quadrifolius(61)
Chloranthus serratus(62)
J-2.Furrow narrow and long in polar direction.
Salvia lutescens var. intermedia(962)
Salvia nipponica(963)
Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica(964)
Thymus quinquecostatus var. ibukiensis(965)
Lycopus uniflorus(966)
I-2.Reticulum non-uniform and sculpture supra-reticulate.
Isodon longitubus(955)
Dracocephalum argunense var. japonicum(956)
Keiskea japonica(957)
Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis(958)
A-2.Shape peroblate, equatorial view subrectangular, furrows short and 4 in number, and located at the 4 corners in polar view.
Impatiens textorii(763)
Impatiens noli-tangere(764)
Impatiens hypophylla(765)
A-3.Shape resembles arrowhead to cannonball. → See also stephanoporate.
10)Pericolpate
A-1.Spinules distributed on sculpture.
B-1.Spinules scattered and approximately 1.0 μm high.
C-1.Grain size 70.0 μm or larger.
Portulaca grandiflora(743)
C-2.Grain size 70.0 μm or less.
Portulaca oleracea(742)
B-2.Spinules scattered on sculpture are minute.
D-1.Sculpture baculate.
Ranunculus japonicus(278)
D-2.Sculpture scabrate to verrucate.
Ranunculus nipponicus var. submersus(277)
A-2.Spinules never distributed in sculpture.
E-1.Sculpture reticulate.
F-1.With granules on upper surface of furrow, and reticulum very fine.
Euptelea polyandra(242)
F-2.Without granules on upper surface of furrow, and gemmae or granules
scattered in lumina.
G-1.Size 50.0 μm or more, most reticula large with diameters of 4.0 μm or more,
and protrusions of lumina conspicuous.
Persicaria amphibia(698)
G-2.Size 50.0 μm or less, reticula small with diameters of 2.0 μm or less, and
protrusions of lumina inconspicuous.
Persicaria filiformis(694)
E-2.Sculpture rugulate, with some granules on upper surface of furrow and both ends of furrow blunt.
Corydalis incisa(247)
Corydalis heterocarpa var. japonica(248)
Corydalis pallida var. tenuis(249)
Corydalis decumbens(250)
E-3.Sculpture baculate, scabrae surround furrow, and shape is rounded hexahedron.
Basella alba(741)
E-4.Sculpture verrucate.
Pulsatilla nipponica(272)
E-5.Sculpture psilate to scabrate.
Trigastrotheca stricta(738)
11)Dicolporate
A-1.Shape flat and oval with long axis in polar direction, and germinal aperture openings located on flat surface.
Justicia hayatae(983)
12)Tricorporate
A-1.Sculpture psilate.
B-1.Grain major axis 40.0 μm or more.
C-1.Shape oblate spheroidal to suboblate, columellae develop, and verrucae to gemmae are distributed in polar region.
Canavalia lineata(383)
C-2.Shape spheroidal, and verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Apios fortunei(381)
C-3.Shape subprolate, and endoaperture long in the horizontal direction and sometimes shows an 8-character shape.
Diospyros kaki(772)
B-2.Grain major axis approximately 25.0–35.0 μm.
D-1.Polar view semi-angular, endoaperture oval and forms a fastigium and protrudes.
Clethra barbinervis(815)
D-2.Polar view circular.
E-1.Equatorial view suboblate to oblate spheroidal, and periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
Utricularia bifida(979)
Utricularia uliginosa(980)
E-2.Equatorial view subprolate, and periphery of germinal aperture opening sometimes protrudes.
F-1.Endoaperture round.
Peltoboykinia watanabei(331)
F-2.Endoaperture ellipse is long in equatorial direction.
Lysimachia clethroides(789)
B-3.Grain major axis is 25.0 μm or less.
G-1.Shape of equatorial view resembles a peanut.
Trigonotis peduncularis(888)
Mertensia pterocarpa var. yezoensis(889)
G-2.Shape of equatorial view subspheroidal to prolate.
H-1.Furrow long.
I-1.Shape of endoaperture ellipse is long in horizontal direction.
J-1.With a costa on endoaperture side.
K-1.Equatorial view spindle-shaped.
Boenninghausenia albiflora var. japonica(646)
K-2.Equatorial view not spindle-shaped.
L-1.Scabrae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Begonia grandis(534)
L-2.Scabrae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Enkianthus sikokianus(822)
Enkianthus cernuus f. cernuus(823)
Enkianthus cernuus f. rubens(824)
J-2.Without a costa on endoaperture side.
M-1.Shape prolate.
Castanea crenata(470)
Castanopsis cuspidata(471)
Lithocarpus edulis(472)
Lithocarpus glaber(473)
M-2.Shape subprolate.
Maesa japonica(773)
Ardisia japonica(774)
Ardisia pusilla(775)
I-2.Endoaperture circular to oval.
N-1.Margo slightly thickened.
O-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly.
Ternstroemia gymnanthera(770)
Cleyera japonica(771)
O-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
Eurya japonica var. japonica(768)
Eurya emarginata(769)
N-2.Margo never thicken.
Lotus corniculatus subsp. japonicus(393)
I-3.Endoaperture indistinct and slightly protruding.
Limnophila sessiliflora(928)
Limnophila chinensis subsp. aromatica(929)
Pennellianthus frutescens(930)
Veronicastrum japonicum var. japonicum(931)
H-2.Furrow short, and polar area wide.
Conandron ramondioides(923)
A-2.Sculpture scabrate.
P-1.Shape oblate to suboblate.
Q-1.Furrow short, and polar view circular to semi-angular.
R-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Alchornea davidii(549)
R-2.Furrow slit-shaped, and endexine thickened to surround endoaperture.
Tilia kiusiana(655)
Tilia japonica(657)
Tilia maximowicziana(658)
Q-2.Furrow long, polar area narrow, and polar view angular to subangular.
Sapindus mukorossi(641)
P-2.Shape spheroidal to subprolate.
S-1.Furrow short, and polar area wide.
T-1.Endoaperture circular.
U-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes like a beak and a fastigium develops.
Elaeagnus multiflora var. multiflora(442)
Elaeagnus pungens(443)
Elaeagnus umbellata var. umbellata(444)
Elaeagnus glabra(445)
U-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
Amphicarpaea edgeworthii(386)
T-2.Endoaperture oval, with a costa.
V-1.Endoaperture horizontally elliptical.
Sophora flavescens(364)
V-2.Endoaperture horizontally long and extends horizontally, and costae extend lengthwise, surrounding the equator.
Zabelia integrifolia(1093)
S-2.Furrow long, and polar area narrow.
W-1.Grain major axis 15.0 μm or less.
Hydrangea kawagoeana var. grosseserrata(758)
Elaeocarpus zollingeri(543)
Elaeocarpus japonicus(544)
W-2.Grain major axis 15.0 μm or more.
X-1.Endoaperture distinct.
Y-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Z-1.Endoaperture horizontally long and with a costa.
Grona heterocarpa(368)
Desmodium paniculatum(369)
Z-2.Endoaperture round and without a costa.
Viola grypoceras var. grypoceras(587)
Viola ovato-oblonga(588)
Viola eizanensis(589)
Viola biflora(590)
Viola violacea var. violacea(591)
Y-2.Verrucae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
AA-1.Endoaperture protrudes and completely surrounds equatorial plane in a band shape.
Solanum capsicoides(903)
AA-2.Endoaperture protrudes and extends lengthwise, surrounding the equatorial plane.
BB-1.With a costa.
CC-1.Margo thickened.
Solanum melongena(902)
Solanum nigrum(904)
CC-2.Margo hardly thickened.
Physalis pubescens(900)
Alkekengi officinarum var. franchetii(901)
Solanum lyratum(905)
Solanum japonense(906)
BB-2.Without a costa.
Ricinus communis(551)
AA-3.Endoaperture circular or horizontally oval.
DD-1.Endoaperture protrudes.
Punica granatum(611)
DD-2.Endoaperture never protrudes.
Osteomeles anthyllidifolia var. subrotunda(441)
Bischofia javanica(563)
Actinidia polygama(812)
Actinidia kolomikta(813)
Actinidia arguta var. arguta(814)
AA-4.Endoaperture oval, forms a fastigium, and protrudes.
Stachyurus praecox(626)
X-2.Endoaperture indistinct.
EE-1.Margo thickened.
Helwingia japonica(988)
EE-2.Margo never thickened.
Stauntonia hexaphylla(254)
Cocculus trilobus(255)
Cocculus laurifolius(256)
P-3.Shape prolate to perprolate.
FF-1.Endoaperture circular and large, and periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
Agrimonia pilosa var. japonica(425)
FF-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening hardly protrudes.
GG-1.Margo thickened.
HH-1.With a costa.
II-1.Spinules scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Aesculus hippocastanum(640)
II-2.Equatorial view close to a rhombus and columellae develop slightly more in surroundings than in intercolpium and polar areas.
Hydrocotyle maritima(1118)
HH-2.Without a costa.
Lobelia chinensis(998)
Lobelia sessilifolia(999)
GG-2.Margo hardly thickened.
JJ-1.With a costa, and columellae develop slightly more in surroundings than in intercolpium and polar areas.
KK-1.Pores protrude slightly.
Ligusticum scothicum subsp. hultenii(1138)
Tilingia ajanensis(1139)
Daucus carota subsp. sativus(1140)
Bupleurum stenophyllum(1141)
KK-2.Pores never protrude.
Angelica ubatakensis(1119)
Angelica saxicola(1120)
Angelica saxicola(1121)
Angelica pubescens(1122)
Angelica polymorpha(1123)
Angelica decursiva(1124)
Angelica cartilaginomarginata(1125)
Chamaele decumbens(1126)
Chamaele decumbens f. japonica (1127)
Sium ninsi(1128)
Cicuta virosa(1129)
Oenanthe javanica(1130)
Foeniculum vulgare(1131)
Glehnia littoralis(1132)
Peucedanum japonicum var. japonicum(1133)
Torilis japonica(1134)
Cryptotaenia canadensis subsp. japonica(1135)
Sanicula chinensis(1136)
Sanicula tuberculata(1137)
JJ-2.Without a costa.
Hypericum monogynum(593)
A-3.Sculpture verrucate.
LL-1.Shape oblate.
MM-1.Furrow wide, and pattern of sculpture scabrate near furrow.
Halenia corniculata(872)
MM-2.Furrow narrow.
Symplocos myrtacea(800)
Symplocos kuroki(801)
Symplocos tanakae(802)
LL-2.Shape almost spheroidal.
NN-1.Endoaperture circular and large.
OO-1.With a costa.
Lagenaria siceraria(522)
OO-2.Without a costa.
PP-1.Polar view circular, and polar area wide.
Fagus crenata(487)
PP-2.Polar view rounded semi-angular, and polar area narrow.
Fagus japonica(488)
NN-2.Endoaperture spreads around the equator.
Mallotus japonicus(550)
LL-3.Shape prolate spheroidal to subprolate.
QQ-1.Polar view circular to semi-angular.
RR-1.Endoaperture distinct, and horizontally long in horizontal direction.
SS-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
TT-1.Endoaperture spreads around equator.
Phyla nodiflora(986)
TT-2.Endoaperture oval, and columellae develop markedly in intercolpium.
Scaevola taccada(1009)
SS-2.Periphery of the germinal aperture opening protrudes.
UU-1.With a costa.
Kandelia obovata(545)
Bruguiera gymnorhiza(546)
UU-2.Without a costa.
Verbena officinalis(987)
RR-2.Endoaperture round or indistinct.
VV-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
WW-1.Sculpture appearance changes to finely reticulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Indigofera pseudotinctoria(387)
WW-2.Sculpture appearance changes to rugulate when focus is adjusted when viewed under a microscope.
Senna obtusifolia(353)
Senna occidentalis(354)
Indigofera decora(388)
VV-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
XX-1.Verrucate pattern relatively uniform.
Daphniphyllum macropodum(319)
XX-2.Verrucate pattern not so.
YY-1.Endoaperture distinct, and endexine curves so as to drop substantially inward near equatorial area.
Quercus hondae(474)
Quercus sessilifolia(475)
Quercus salicina f. angustata(476)
Quercus glauca(477)
Quercus acuta(478)
Quercus gilva(479)
Quercus myrsinifolia(480)
Quercus phillyreoides(481)
YY-2.Endoaperture indistinct, and endexine does not curve so as to drop substantially inward near equatorial area.
Quercus aliena(482)
Quercus acutissima(483)
Quercus dentata(484)
Quercus crispula(485)
Quercus serrata(486)
QQ-2.Polar view subangular, both ends of furrow sharp, and endoaperture circular and with a costa.
Cornus controversa(745)
Cornus macrophylla(746)
Cornus kousa subsp. kousa(747)
Cornus officinalis(748)
Cornus canadensis(749)
A-4.Sculpture rugulate.
ZZ-1.Shape spheroidal, grain size 80.0 μm or more, and valla coarse.
Alangium platanifolium var. trilobatum(744)
ZZ-2.Grain size 70.0 μm or less.
Aa-1.Furrow short.
Ab-1.Polar view semi-angular to semi-lobate, furrow distinct, and endoaperture horizontally long and with a costa.
Symplocos prunifolia(803)
Ab-2.Both polar and equatorial views spheroidal, and furrow indistinct.
Datura stramonium(910)
Ab-3.Shape subprolate, polar view planaperturate, which is semi-angular to subangular, and endoaperture protrudes.
Lagerstroemia indica(604)
Lagerstroemia subcostata(605)
Aa-2.Furrow long.
Ac-1.With a costa.
Ad-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
Ae-1.Shape prolate to subprolate.
Af-1.Margo thickened.
Sedum tricarpum(334)
Sedum polytrichoides(335)
Sedum bulbiferum(336)
Hylotelephium verticillatum(337)
Hylotelephium sieboldii(338)
Orostachys japonica(339)
Penthorum chinense(340)
Af-2.Margo never thickened.
Rubus mesogaeus var. mesogaeus(418)
Rubus parvifolius(419)
Rubus microphyllus(420)
Rubus hirsutus(421)
Ae-2.Shape spheroidal to suboblate, and polar view subangular.
Berchemia racemosa(448)
Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa(449)
Paliurus ramosissimus(450)
Hovenia dulcis(451)
Ad-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrudes.
Petunia × hybrida(908)
Ac-2.Without a costa.
Ag-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
Rubus hakonensis(422)
Ag-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening never protrude.
Chaenomeles japonica(439)
Chaenomeles speciosa(440)
A-5.Sculpture striate.
Ah-1.Endoaperture clearly evident.
Ai-1.Striped patterns deeply carved and distinct.
Aj-1.Endoaperture horizontally long.
Ak-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
Al-1.Margo thickened.
Padus buergeriana(433)
Al-2.Margo never thickened.
Fragaria ananassa(408)
Fragaria nipponica(409)
Potentilla nivea var. camtschatica(410)
Comarum palustre(413)
Dasiphora fruticosa(414)
Ak-2.Pore with a costa, never protrudes, and margo thickened.
Rhus javanica var. chinensis(629)→Sculpture also composite type of striate and reticulate.
Lycium chinense(909)
Aj-2.Endoaperture circular to slightly oval.
Am-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes.
Cerasus yedoensis(430)
Cerasus incisa var. incisa(431)
Prunus persica(432)
Am-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly or does not protrude.
An-1.Margo thickened.
Ao-1.Spinules scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Aesculus turbinata(639)
Ao-2.Spinules never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Dryas octopetala var. asiatica(415)
Geum calthifolium var. nipponicum(416)
Sieversia pentapetala(417)
An-2.Margo slightly thickened or not thickened.
Ap-1.Verrucae scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Actinostemma tenerum(516)
Gynostemma pentaphyllum(517)
Ap-2.Verrucae never scattered on upper surface of furrow.
Acer sieboldianum(630)
Acer shirasawanum(631)
Acer rufinerve(632)
Acer palmatum(633)
Acer ukurunduense(634)
Ai-2.Striped patterns of sculpture shallow and indistinct.
Aq-1.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes markedly.
Neillia incisa(399)
Spiraea japonica(400)
Spiraea dasyantha(401)
Spiraea salicifolia(402)
Spiraea blumei(403)
Spiraea hayatae(404)
Spiraea nipponica var. tosaensis(405)
Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus(406)
Kerria japonica(407)
Potentilla ancistrifolia var. dickinsii(411)
Potentilla anemonifolia(412)
Rosa rugosa(426)
Rosa laevigata(427)
Rosa onoei var. onoei(428)
Rosa luciae(429)
Laurocerasus spinulosa(434)
Aq-2.Periphery of germinal aperture opening protrudes slightly or not at all.
Ar-1.Exine thicker endexine than ectexine.
Eriobotrya japonica(435)
Pourthiaea villosa var. villosa(436)
Amelanchier asiatica(437)
Sorbus commixta var. rufoferruginea(438)
Ar-2.Exine with same thickness as ectexine and endexine.